Leaders and Leadership in Middle Level Schools An online survey of more than 1,400 middle level leaders (grades 5–9) was
conducted as part of a national study. This article reports the findings; compares
the results with previous studies conducted in 1965, 1980, and 1992;
and discusses the implications and recommendations for recruiting, initial
training, and continuing professional development of future middle level
principals.
By Vicki N. Petzko, Donald C. Clark, Jerry W. Valentine, Donald G. Hackmann, John R. Nori, and Stephen E.